|
|
opajulyq's profile
|
| Gender: |
Male |
| Country: |
Russia |
| Member since: |
1 Year, 6 Months ago |
| Status: |
 Offline |
| Last seen: |
1 Year, 6 Months ago |
Web Profile |
|
|
About me
The capital of the republic of mahabad was the city of mahabad in the northwestern part of iran. The state covered a small area, including mahabad and the adjacent cities of bukan, oshnavie, piranshahr and nagade.[11] also, the republic claimed 3 cities of urmia, khoy and salmas, held by the people's government of azerbaijan. If you have chosen this short article, therefore you want to get detailed information about https://monicamoscow.com/, please visit our own web page.[12] 1 background2 foundation3 education4 perception of advice5 end6 consequences7 see also8 notes9 references10 external links Background The allies invaded iran at the end of august 1941, when the ussr controlled the north of montenegro. In the absence of a central government, the soviets tried to annex northwestern iran to the soviet union and promoted kurdish nationalism. Such factors led to the kurdish manifesto, which once aspired most to autonomy and self-government for the kurdish people in iran near the iranian state.[13] in the megalopolis of mahabad, usually inhabited by kurds, a committee of middle-class representatives, supported by tribal leaders, took over the local administration. A political party called the kurdistan renaissance society (komeley jiyanewey kurdistan or jk) was founded. Kazi muhammad, the head of a family of religious lawyers, was elected chairman of the party. Although the republic was not proclaimed until december 1945, the kazi committee ruled this area for more than 5 years, almost until the fall of the republic.[14] In 1946, the un security council adopted a number of resolutions, and five, calling also eventually contributing to the removal of the soviet forces still occupying iran. Foundation In western azerbaijan, the soviet commander in miandob summoned the kurdish leaders and transported the package to the territory of the capital in the azerbaijani ssr.[15] here, at the end of september 1945, the prime minister of the azerbaijani ssr told them that neither their own nationalist party "komala-e zhian-e kordestan" nor the party "there" were treated favorably, that wallpaper should achieve the tasks set within the azerbaijani autonomy and which wallpaper should call for yourself the democratic party of kurdistan .[15] it should be borne in mind that the azerbaijani movement was released not only under the pressure of the socialist space. The kurds opposed, among other things, the government's attempts to carry out detribalization. With this, a careful attitude to identity within their own community groups seemed logical to both kurds and azerbaijanis after the soviet occupation in 1941.[15] on december 10, the democratic party took the province of east azerbaijan under protection from the iranian government forces, forming the people's government of azerbaijan. Kazi muhammad decided to join them, and on december 15, the kurdish people's government was founded in mahabad. On january 22, 1946, kazi muhammad declared the establishment of the republic of mahabad. Many of the goals mentioned in the manifesto include:[11] - Autonomy for the iranian kurds in the ingredients of the iranian state. - The use of the kurdish language as a means of formation and management. - Election of the provincial council of kurdistan to oversee domestic and social issues. - All government officials must be of local origin. - Unity and brotherhood with the azerbaijani people. - The establishment of a single law for the peasants, as well as for the nobility. [For example, in english]education Education was to be provided without any payment and in the kurdish language. However, at the dawn of the republic, teachers had to translate textbooks from persian into kurdish. So much after the end of the existence of the republic, textbooks in the kurdish language could be distributed in universities.[16] on the same day, he also announced the creation of a secondary school for young ladies.[16] Approach to advice The republic of mahabad depended on soviet support. Archibald bullock roosevelt jr. Grandson of the former president of the united states of america, president theodore roosevelt wrote in 1947 in the kurdish republic of mahabad that the main problem of the people's republic of mahabad was that the kurds needed the help of the ussr; only with the red army did they have a chance. However, the republic's close relations with the ussr alienated the skin from many western powers, forcing them to tune in to the side of the central government of iran. Qazi muhammad did not deny that the soviets financed and supplied his republic, but denied that the democratic party of iranian kurdistan (kdp) was a communist party. He portrayed this show as a lie fabricated by the iranian military authorities, and added that such ideals are significantly inferior to the ideals of the soviets.[17][need a quote to confirm] Contemporaries - as friends, not enemies at all - tended to exaggerate the soviet role in republika mahabad. While the leaders of the kurdish nationalists abdul rahman ghassemlu and jalal talabani emphasized soviet friendship and assistance, others, including robert rossouw jr. The charge d'affaires of america in nearby azerbaijan, and historian william lynn westermann branded the republic a soviet puppet by the state.[18] this opinion was also widely spread among the leaders of the kurdish tribes, most of them disagreed with the kazi administration..[19] However, the recommendations were entirely ambiguous about the kurdish administration. The films did not maintain a garrison near mahabad, and besides, they did not know a single civilian agent with sufficient status to exert any strong influence. They encouraged the kazi administration with practical charitable operations, such as providing transport and cars, preventing the iranian army and purchasing the entire tobacco crop. On the other hand, the soviets were initially uncomfortable with the refusal of the kurdish administration to be absorbed into the larger democratic republic of (persian) azerbaijan, and these girlfriends prevented the formation of an independent kurdish state.[14] however, after the fall of mahabad, they allowed the safe passage of mustafa barzani and his followers to the ussr. The end 26 in march 1946, due to pressure from seemingly western powers, including the united states, the soviets promised the iranian government, in fact, that they would withdraw from northwestern iran. In june, iran restored its control over iranian azerbaijan. Such a process isolated the republic of mahabad, and this eventually led to its destruction. The internal support of qazi muhammad has finally decreased, especially among the kurdish tribes that initially supported him. Their crops and supplies were depleted, and their behavior became increasingly difficult in the end isolation. The economic and military cheating of the ussr stopped, and the tribes saw no reason to support it. There was a big gap between the townspeople and the tribes, and the telephone union in mahabad was collapsing. Tribes and telephone leaders supported kazi muhammad not against his economic and military application not of the ussr standard. After it disappeared, some people saw no reason to support it. Other tribes resented barzani because she did not like to share her already dwindling resources with them. Some kurds deserted from mahabad, even one of the marshals of mahabad, amir khan. Mahabad was economically bankrupt, and it would be difficult for mahabad to be economically sustainable without getting along with iran.[11] Those who remained began to resent the kurds of barzani, because they had to transfer their resources to them. 5 on december 1946, the military council told qazi muhammad that the models would fight and resist the iranian army if such tried to enter the region. However, the lack of support of the kurdish tribes forced kazi mohammed to watch only the massacre of kurdish civilians committed by the iranian army, but not the kurdish uprising. This forced him to avoid war in any way. 10 days later, on december 15, 1946, iranian troops entered mahabad and captured it. Once there, they closed the kurdish printing house, banned the teaching of the kurdish language and burned all the kurdish books they found. Finally, on march 31, 1947, qazi muhammad was hanged in mahabad on charges of high treason.[20] at the request of archie roosevelt jr. Who admitted that kazi was forced to partner with recommendations from the standpoint of expediency, the american ambassador to iran, george w. Allen, urged the shah not to execute kazi or his brother, and he was calmed down: "are you afraid that i will order them to be shot? If it's about you, you have the opportunity to calm your mind. Roosevelt later said that the order to kill kazi was probably given "after our ambassador closed the door behind him," introducing the shah into the situation: "i didn't become an important one of his fans."[21] Consequences Mustafa barzani and our soldiers from iraqi kurdistan formed the backbone of the republican forces. After the fall of the republic, most of the fighters and 4 officers of the iraqi army are going to move to iraq. The officers were sentenced to death upon their return to iraq, and now they are being honored along with kazi as heroes who martyred for kurdistan. Many soldiers preferred to get barzani. They defeated any attempts of the iranian army to intercept the package in the course of a five-week march and made their way to soviet azerbaijan.[14] See also Mukriyankurds in iranpeople's government of azerbaijanpersian socialist soviet republicautonomous government of khorasaniran-russia relationsnotes ^ Nerviy, khawar khalil taher (2012). Republic of kurdistan, 1946 (pdf) (dissertation). Leiden university. P. 13. Verified on december 25, 2020..^ Nina caspersen, gareth stansfield (2012), unrecognized states in the international system, exeter studies of ethnopolitics, rutledge, p. 5, isbn 9781136849992^ a b frederick cohen (2009), caucasus - introduction, routledge series "modern russia and eastern europe", routledge, p. 136, isbn 9781135203023, eventually the people's republic of azerbaijan and the kurdish people's republic (republic of mahabad), two short-lived soviet puppet states, were invented at the end of 1945...^ A b donald newton wilber (2014). Iran, past and present: from monarchy to islamic republic. Princeton university press. Page 136. Isbn 978-1400857470. In december, the democratic party of azerbaijan announced the foundation of a separate country, azerbaijan, and at the same time the russians created an additional puppet state, the kurdish republic of mahabad, among other things in azerbaijan.^ Nerviy, khawar khalil taher (2012). Republic of kurdistan, 1946 (pdf) (dissertation). Leiden university. P. 13. Verified on december 25 of the current year.^ Stansfield, gareth (march 2013). "The collapse of state equipment after one world war? Iraqi kurdistan and the transformation of the middle east". International relations. 89 (2): 259-282. Doi:10.1111/1468-2346.12017. Issn 0020-5850.^ Taher, h. Khavar (2017-03-30). "پێگههێ سیاسى ئیرانێ پشتى رێكهفتنا یێ كو پێنج ئێك (5 1)". Humanities journal of the university of zakho. 5(1):35. Doi:10.26436/2017.5.1.153. Issn 2410-7557.^ Ahmadzadeh, hashim (march 2006). "Women of a non-state nation: kurds, shahrzad mojab, ed. Kurdish studies series, no. 3, costa mesa and california: mazda publishers, 2001, isbn:1-56859-093-8, 263 pp.". Iranian studies. 39 (1): 118-121. Doi: 10.1017/s0021086200022763. Issn 0021-0862. S2cid 245663931.^ Romano, david (2006). The kurdish nationalist movement: opportunities, mobilization and identity. Cambridge middle east studies, 22. Cambridge, uk; new york: cambridge university press. P. 227. Isbn 9780521850414. Oclc 61425259.^ Chelkovsky, peter j.; Pranger, robert j. (1988). Ideology and government in the middle east: research in honor of george lenchowski. Durham: duke university press. Pp. 399. Isbn 9780822307815. Oclc 16923212.^ A b c mcdowall 2004, pp. 244-245.^ Wali, abbas (2014). Kurds and the country, in iran: the formation of a kurdish identity. Bloomsbury publishing. P. 43.^ Alleyn, jean (2004). The international prerogative in the middle east: power rather than justice. Ashgate publishing ltd. Pp. 27-28.^ A b c c. J. Edmonds, kurdish nationalism, journal of modern history, p. 87-107 [96], 1971^ a b c kuniholm, b. "Azerbaijan vs comics from 1941 to 1947". The iranian encyclopedia. Checked 2017-12-10.^ A b jwaideh, wadie (2006). The kurdish national movement: its origin and promotion. Syracuse university press. P. 253. Isbn 978-0-8156-3093-7.^ Meiselas, susan (1997). Kurdistan is in a non-hot sector of history. Random house. P. 182. Isbn 0-679-42389-3.^ Voller 2014, p. 46.^ Mcdowall 2004, p. 242.^ Mcdowall 2004, p. 243-246.^ Wilford, hugh (2013). America's great game: the secret arabists of the cia and the formation of the modern middle east. Basic books. Page 53. Isbn 9780465019656.References - " The republic of kurdistan: half a century later", international journal of kurdish studies, 11, no. 1 and two, (1997).The kurdish republic of 1946, william eagleton jr. (London: oxford university press, 1963) (in german) moradi golmorad: "ein jahr autonome regierung in kurdistan, die mahabad-republik 1946-1947" in: geschichte der kurdischen aufstandsbewegungen von der arabisch-islamischen invasion bis zur mahabad-republik, bremen 1992, isbn 3-929089-00-9 (in french) m. Khubrui-pak: une république éphémère au kurdistan, paris usa 2002, isbn 2-7475-2803-0 - archie roosevelt jr. "The kurdish republic of mahabad", middle east journal, no. 1 (july 1947), pp. 247-269. - William lynn westermann, "kurdish freedom and russian expansion", foreign affairs, volume 24, 1945-1946, pp. 675-686 - the kurdish republic of mahabad, encyclopedia of the east. [1] - "kurds: people without a country", encyclopedia britannica [2] mcdowell, david a. (2004). The modern history of the kurds (third ed.). I. B. Tavris. Isbn 978-1-85043-416-0. - Meiselas, susan kurdistan in the non-arctic sector of history, random house, 1997. Isbn 0-679-42389-3 voller, yaniv (2014). The kurdish liberation movement in iraq: from insurgency to statehood. Rutledge. Pp. 45-47. Isbn 978-0415-70724-4. - Yasin, burhaneddin a. "History of the republic of kurdistan", international journal of kurdish studies, 11, nos. Gender (1997): 115-240.- Yasin, burhaneddin a. Vision or reality: kurds in the social activities of the great powers, 1941-1947, lund university press, lund/sweden, 1995. Issn 0519-9700, isbn 91-7966-315-x lund university press. Ou isbn 0-86238-389-7 chartwell-bratt ltd.(In native language) masoud barzani. Mustafa barzani and the kurdish liberation movement. Per. A. Sh. Haurami, st. Petersburg, nauka 2005,. (In russian) m. S. Lazarev. Kurdistan and the kurdish question (1923-1945). M. Publishing company "oriental literature" ras, 2005. (In russian) about zhigalina. I. The national movement of kurds in iran (1918-1947). M. "Science", 1988.(In a familiar language) kurdistan history. Edited by m. S. Lazarev, sh. Kh. Mgoi. M. 1999.(In your native language) murtaza zarbakht. From iraqi kurdistan to the other bank of the araks river. Per. With kurdsk. A. Sh. Haurami. M.-St. Petersburg, 2003.External links Kurdistan republic in mehabad, encyclopedia kurdistanica.Kurds at the crossroadsstearns, peter n. (Ed.). Encyclopedia of world history (6th ed.). Houghton mifflin company/bartleby.Com.
|
My Favorites
My favorite videos list is empty.
|
|
